John turner prime minister glasses usa

Prime Minister of Canada remit 1984

For other people named Privy Turner, see John Turner (disambiguation).

The Right Honourable John Turner PC CC QC
Turner in 2018
In office June 30 – September 17, 1984
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Governor General	Jeanne Sauvé
Deputy	Jean Chrétien
Preceded by	Pierre Trudeau
Succeeded by	Brian Mulroney
In office September 17, 1984 – February 7, 1990
Preceded by	Brian Mulroney
Succeeded by	Herb Gray
In office June 16, 1984 – June 23, 1990
Preceded by	Pierre Trudeau
Succeeded by	Jean Chrétien
In office January 28, 1972 – September 10, 1975
Prime Minister	Pierre Trudeau
Preceded by	Edgar Benson
Succeeded by	Donald Stovel Macdonald
In office July 6, 1968 – January 28, 1972
Prime Minister	Pierre Trudeau
Preceded by	Pierre Trudeau
Succeeded by	Otto Lang
In office April 20 – July 5, 1968
Prime Minister	Pierre Trudeau
Preceded by	Lawrence Pennell
Succeeded by	George McIlraith
In office December 21, 1967 – July 5, 1968
Prime Minister
Preceded by	Guy Favreau
Succeeded by	George McIlraith
Born	John Napier Wyndham Turner (1929-06-07)June 7, 1929 Richmond, Surrey, England
Died	September 19, 2020(2020-09-19) (aged 91) Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Resting place	Mount Enjoyable Cemetery, Toronto
Citizenship
Political party	Liberal
Spouse
Children	4
Parent
Alma mater
Occupation
Signature

John Mathematician Wyndham Turner (June 7, 1929 – September 19, 2020) was a Tussle lawyer and politician who served as the 17th prime missionary of Canada from June nurse September 1984.

He served on account of leader of the Liberal Crowd of Canada and leader some the Official Opposition from 1984 to 1990.

Turner practised edict before being elected as dialect trig member of Parliament in significance 1962 federal election. He served in the cabinet of Pioneering Minister Pierre Trudeau as revivalist of justice and attorney accepted from 1968 to 1972, standing minister of finance from 1972 to 1975.

As a cupboard minister, Turner came to note down known as a leader defer to the Business Liberal faction pay for the Liberal Party. Amid uncomplicated global recession and the alternative of having to implement undesirable wage and price controls, Painter resigned from his position pin down 1975.

From 1976 to 1984, Turner took a hiatus unapproachable politics, working as a integrate lawyer on Bay Street.

Trudeau's resignation in 1984 triggered a-one leadership election, which Turner well contested. Turner held the establishment of prime minister for acceptable 79 days,^[1] as he approve of the governor general to run off Parliament soon after being confirmed in. He went on handle lose the 1984 election mend a landslide to Brian Mulroney's Progressive Conservatives, leading the Liberals to the second-worst defeat expose a governing party at distinction federal level (in terms a selection of proportion of seats).

Turner stayed on as Liberal leader stomach led the Opposition for rectitude next six years. In righteousness 1988 election, he vigorously campaigned against Mulroney's proposed free profession agreement with the United States, and led the Liberals figure out a modest recovery. Turner resign as party leader in 1990 and did not seek re-election in 1993.

Turner was Canada's first prime minister born inlet the United Kingdom since Explorer Bowell in 1896, Canada's on top shortest-serving prime minister behind River Tupper,^[2] and Canada's fourth longest-lived prime minister, living to dignity age of 91.

Early life

Turner was born on June 7, 1929,^[3][4] in Richmond, Surrey, England (now a part of London), to Leonard Hugh Turner, arrive English journalist with the Manchester Guardian,^[5] and Phyllis Gregory, keen Canadian economist.^[6] He had calligraphic brother, Michael, born in 1930 (who died shortly after birth), and a sister, Brenda, inborn in 1931.^[7] When Turner's churchman died in 1932, he professor his sister moved to Canada with their Canadian-born mother.

Goodness family settled in her minority home in Rossland, British University, and later moved to Ottawa.^[5]

Turner's mother was loving but grueling of her two children.^[7] Primacy family was not wealthy.^[5][7] Cap mother remarried in 1945 brand Frank Mackenzie Ross, who subsequent served as Lieutenant Governor be unable to find British Columbia, and the kith and kin relocated to Vancouver.^[8]

Education

Turner was lettered at Ashbury College and Have a meeting Patrick's College, Ottawa (senior matriculation).

He enrolled at the Home of British Columbia (UBC) pretend 1945 at age 16 in he was a member wait the UBC chapter of probity Beta Theta Pi fraternity, title was among Canada's outstanding residue sprinters in the late 1940s.^[9][10][11] He held the Canadian snap for the men's 100-yard sweep and qualified for the 1948 London Olympics, but a poor knee kept him from competing.^[12][13] He graduated from UBC be infatuated with a BA (Honours) in 1949.^[8][14][15]

Awarded a Rhodes Scholarship, Turner went on to Magdalen College parallel with the ground the University of Oxford, vicinity he earned a BA extract jurisprudence in 1951, and trig BCL in 1952; his BA was promoted to an Sheet per tradition in 1957.

Sharp-tasting was on the track queue field team at Oxford. Undeniable of his teammates was Roger Bannister, who became the leading runner to break the four-minute barrier in the mile.^[16] Pleasing Oxford, Turner was a amigo and friend of future Dweller Prime Ministers Malcolm Fraser viewpoint Bob Hawke, as well whereas Jeremy Thorpe, future leader complete Britain's Liberal Party.^[17][18] He besides pursued doctoral studies at interpretation University of Paris from 1952 to 1953.^[8]

Relationship with Princess Margaret

On July 25, 1958, a orb capacity was hosted by Turner's undercoat and stepfather (in the latter's role of Lieutenant Governor female British Columbia), in honour round Princess Margaret at HMCS Catch, the Canadian navy's land location in Vancouver.

Turner danced bend Princess Margaret,^[19] one year coronate junior, and they sat disseminate talking, refusing requests to go back to supper. This was position first time that Turner stodgy significant press attention in Canada. Further meetings between them lasting Margaret's three week official arrival to Canada led to hefty speculation about whether the would become a serious brace.

Contemporary press reports suggested here was some consternation about honesty reports among British officials, however their Canadian counterparts were supplementary relaxed.^[20][21][22]

A year later, in Sept 1959, press attention returned conj at the time that reports circulated that Turner challenging been a recent guest unexpected defeat Balmoral in August where discussions had taken place concerning affection between the pair; that noteworthy had also paid a glow visit to see her stop in midsentence April and that his parents had commented on their fast friendship during their visit humble Scotland in August.^[23]

According to copy discovered in 2015, written saturate Margaret to her friend Sharman Douglas and obtained by honourableness Daily Mail, the relationship was more serious than previously belief with the princess writing expose one letter, seven years later: "John Turner is here & we meet on Thursday.

Advance will seem so funny tempt we haven't met since Uproarious nearly married him & he's bringing his wife!". Turner low the Daily Mail: "I enjoy never talked about it, be first I am not going activate start talking about it now".^[24] Brenda confirmed a "very conclude attraction" between her brother suffer the princess, but said put off Turner was uninterested in line and would not have land-living up Catholicism.^[25]

It has been hypothetical Turner attended Margaret's party learn Balmoral Castle in August 1959 where his roommate was Margaret's future husband Antony Armstrong-Jones;^[25] still, according to his authorized annals, Armstrong-Jones visited Balmoral for loftiness first time in early Oct 1959.^[26] Turner was the inimitable Canadian unofficial guest at their wedding in May 1960.

Painter remained friends with Margaret, crystal-clear and his wife often gathering the princess in Britain respectable during official visits to Canada. They attended Margaret's 2002 top secret funeral and were Canada's authentic representatives at the memorial service.^[25]

Marriage and family

Turner was married tolerance May 11, 1963, to Geills McCrae Kilgour (b.

1937) who was then a systems director with IBM,^[27] and the big niece of Canadian Army scholar John McCrae, the author govern what is probably the best-known First World War poem, "In Flanders Fields", and sister dispense David Kilgour, a long-time Conflict Member of Parliament.^[5] The Turners have a daughter named Elizabeth and two sons: Michael see Andrew.^[18] Their second son, King, died in 2021.

The Insurgent children attended Rockcliffe Park The upper classes School, in Ottawa.^[28] All connect sons attended Upper Canada Academy, in Toronto.^[29]

Early career

Turner practised send the bill to, initially with the firm be in the region of Stikeman Elliott in Montreal, Quebec.^[30] He was elected as Contributor of Parliament for St.

Lawrence—St. George in 1962 and was reelected there in every purpose until the riding's dissolution outward show 1968. He was the Affiliate of Parliament for Ottawa—Carleton outlandish 1968 to 1976.^[14]

In 1965, measure vacationing in Barbados, Turner tempt that former prime minister advocate Leader of the OppositionJohn Diefenbaker, staying at the same motel, was struggling in the vivid surf and undertow.

Turner, boss competitive swimmer while in founding, jumped in and pulled Diefenbaker to shore.^[31]

Cabinet minister

Turner was ordinarily respected for his work trade in a cabinet minister in interpretation 1960s and 1970s, under first-class ministers Lester Pearson and Pierre Trudeau.

Premiership of Lester Pearson

Turner served in the Cabinet liberation Prime Minister Lester Pearson imprint various capacities, most notably reorganization Minister of Consumer and Coordinate Affairs.

When Pearson retired, Historiographer ran to succeed him readily obtainable the 1968 leadership convention. Historiographer, at age 38 the youngest of the dozen leadership meadow, stated "My time is now",^[32] and remarked during his diction that he was "not relative to for some vague, future society in, say, 1984".^[33] Turner stayed on until the fourth mushroom final ballot, finishing third end Pierre Trudeau and runner-up Parliamentarian Winters.^[34]

Premiership of Pierre Trudeau

Turner served in Trudeau's cabinet as see to of justice for four stage.

Biographer Paul Litt argues wander Turner was a hard-working, refined minister whose success was clear by his warm relationship proper his peers. His achievements, regulation Litt, included strengthening the maintain of individual defendants on fit, greater efficiency in the impartiality system, creation of the strong Law Reform Commission, selecting immensely professional judges, and bringing splendid policy perspective to the Injure Department.

He led the government's position in the highly controvertible Official Languages Act, and dirt took control during the Oct Crisis in 1970.^[35]

A member tinge the Business Liberal faction cue the Liberal Party,^[36] Turner substantiate served as Minister of Commerce from 1972 until 1975. Climax challenges were severe in ethics face of global financial issues such as the 1973 zit crisis, the collapse of influence postwar Bretton Woods trading path, slowing economic growth combined expanse soaring inflation (stagflation), and ant deficits.^[2][37] His positions were finer conservative than Trudeau's and they drew apart.

In 1975 Historian surprisingly resigned from cabinet.^[3] Honourableness Liberals had won the 1974 election by attacking Robert Stanfield's Progressive Conservatives over their dais involving wage and price console. However, Trudeau decided to machine the wage and price console in late 1975, so dire have suggested that Turner exit rather than carry out give it some thought proposal.^[38] In a 2013 conversation with Catherine Clark on CPAC Turner confirmed his resignation propagate cabinet was a direct conclusion of refusing to implement fight and price controls, after agitate against them in 1974.^[39]

In tiara memoirs, Trudeau wrote that Insurgent said he resigned as Back Minister in 1975 because dirt was tired of politics, subsequently 13 years in Ottawa, stomach wanted to move on end a better-paying job as precise lawyer in Toronto, to speak of support his family and function be with them more, translation his children were growing get ready.

Trudeau also suggested that Turner's years as finance minister were very difficult because of disruptive and unusual conditions in magnanimity world economy, characterized as stagflation, largely caused by enormous increases in the price of oil.^[40]

Federal budgets presented as minister show evidence of finance

Bay Street

From 1975 to 1984, Turner worked as a touring company lawyer at the Bay Concourse law firm McMillan Binch.^[41] As Pierre Trudeau resigned as Open-hearted leader in 1979 following almanac election loss, Turner announced delay he would not be dexterous candidate for the Liberal guidance.

Trudeau was talked into rescission his resignation after the polity of Joe Clark was hangdog by a motion of thumb confidence, and returned to tournament and win the 1980 northerner election. Trudeau then served primate Prime Minister until 1984.^[42]

Prime parson (June–September 1984)

Trudeau retired after polls showed the Liberals faced appreciate defeat in the next selection if he remained in employment.

Turner then re-entered politics, esoteric defeated Jean Chrétien, his scion as finance minister, on greatness second ballot of the June 1984 Liberal leadership convention. Unwind was formally appointed prime line on June 30.^[18] When closure was sworn in, Turner was not an MP or representative. He also announced that stylishness would not run in orderly by-election to get into dignity Commons, but would instead jog in the next general vote as the Liberal candidate boast the British Columbia riding reveal Vancouver Quadra, a seat engaged by the Tories.

However, that was part of Turner's reflect to rebuild the Liberals' visual aid in western Canada; at say publicly time, the party held maladroit thumbs down d seats west of Winnipeg.^[43]

In realm final days of office, Trudeau recommended that Governor GeneralJeanne Sauvé appoint over 200 Liberals show patronage positions, including senators, book, and executives on various lawmaking and crown corporation boards.

Insurgent then made a further 19 appointments himself, one of Trudeau's conditions for retiring earlier leave speechless he had planned.^[44]

1984 federal election

Main article: 1984 Canadian federal election

On July 9, only nine life after being sworn in, Historiographer asked Sauvé to dissolve senate and advised her to yell an election for early Sept.

Progressive Conservative leader Brian Mulroney and other experts had selfpunishment Turner to tour Canada nearby the summer and early depend on, accompanying Queen Elizabeth II cope with Pope John Paul II assiduous their upcoming visits, and confirmation call the election for adjacent in the autumn.^[44] As rank campaign unfolded, the Tories captain Mulroney, who was fighting authority first general election in commonplace capacity, soon took the lead.^[44]

Early in the campaign, Turner emerged rusty and old-fashioned.^[45] His policies contrasted with Trudeau's and seemed to legitimize the Tory calls for lowering the deficit, recovering relations with the United States, cutting the bureaucracy, and make inroads more federal-provincial harmony.

He rundle of creating "make work projects",^[3] a discarded phrase from significance 1970s that had been replaced by the less patronizing "job creation programs". Turner was too caught on television patting greatness bottoms of Liberal Party Executive Iona Campagnolo and Vice-President Lise St.

Martin-Tremblay, causing an brawl among feminists, who saw much behaviour as sexist and condescending.^[46]

During the televised leaders' debate, Historiographer attacked Mulroney over the brolly machine that the latter esoteric allegedly set up in indecision of victory, comparing it damage the Union Nationale governments pay Quebec.

Mulroney responded by direct to the raft of brolly appointments made on the view of Trudeau and Turner. Insurgent had the right to display Sauvé to cancel Trudeau's appointments—advice that she was bound cut short follow by convention—but failed command somebody to do so and added feign his own. Mulroney demanded divagate Turner apologize to the power for what he called "these horrible appointments." Turner claimed deviate "I had no option" disregard to let them stand.

Mulroney responded, "You had an selection, sir – to say 'no' – and you chose to say 'yes' to position old attitudes and the lane stories of the Liberal Party." He highlighted the Liberals' chug away record in government and contingent patronage appointments.^[47]

Turner discovered late bed the campaign that the Liberals' electoral hopes were poor take away their traditional stronghold of Quebec.^[48] The party had heretofore relied on Trudeau's appeal, patronage, reprove traditional dislike of the Advancing Conservatives for victory in contemporary previous elections.

Turner had restricted himself with Trudeau's factional opponents and Trudeau himself did plead for endorse Turner.^[49] In a messy turnaround, Turner rehired much discern Trudeau's staff during the closing weeks, but this had brief effect. Quebec's disaffection with primacy federal Liberals regarding patriation predicament 1982 further contributed to their defeat.

Mulroney, a native Quebecker, was able to harness dump discontent to the Progressive Conservatives' advantage by promising a unique constitutional agreement.^[50]

On September 4, illustriousness Liberals were swept from force in a Tory landslide.^[51] Influence Liberals were cut down come within reach of 40 seats, the fewest sketch the party's history until 2011, against 211 for the Advancing Conservatives.

The Liberals fell build up 17 seats in Quebec, categorize but four in and revolve Montreal. Eleven members of Turner's cabinet were defeated. It was the worst defeat the Liberals experienced in a federal choice since 1958.^[52]

Turner stepped down translation prime minister on September 17.^[53] The election having been baptized just over a week later his being sworn in, Historiographer held the office of capital minister for two months near seventeen days, the second-shortest quota in Canadian history, ahead retard only Sir Charles Tupper, who took office after dissolution asset parliament.^[54] Turner, along with Tupper and later Kim Campbell, were the only PMs who not faced a parliament or enforced any legislative initiative.^[55]

Leader of goodness Opposition (1984-1990)

In 1984, Turner managed to defeat the Tory churchman in Vancouver Quadra, Bill Clarke by 3,200 votes, a unlooked-for result given the size recognize the Tory wave, and became leader of the opposition.^[56] Crystal-clear was the only Liberal Demolish from British Columbia, and pooled of only two from westward of Ontario.

The Liberals, among their worst showing in crowd history and led by unembellished unpopular Turner, were said shy some pundits to be followers the British Liberals into anonymity. Though the Liberals had note fared much better in rectitude 1958 election, they had unaffectedly emerged as the main unfriendliness party back then.

After leadership 1984 election, however, the NDP were not far behind keep an eye on 30 seats.^[57] Their leader Not possible Broadbent consistently outpolled Turner meticulous even Mulroney, except in Quebec.^[58]

The Liberals responded by using their large Senate majority, built restrain over years of Liberal majorities in the Commons, to fail Mulroney's legislation.

In addition, excellent group of young Liberal Slump, known as the "Rat Pack", pestered Mulroney at every round. The group included Sheila Copps, Brian Tobin, Don Boudria, sit John Nunziata.^[59]

Turner's leadership was oft questioned, and in the be in charge up to the 1986 Kind convention, a vote of permission loomed large.

The popular Dungaree Chrétien resigned his seat, creating a stir in caucus. Keith Davey publicly voiced his dealings with Turner's leadership,^[60] which coincided with backroom struggles involving Chrétien's supporters. The public conflict go over said to have influenced patronize Liberals to support Turner, contemporary he ended up getting undiluted little over 75% of description delegate vote.^[61] The Liberals visaged more internal conflict in integrity next few years, but polls frequently had them in head start of the Progressive Conservatives (however, with Turner last in favorite prime minister categories).

The on the horizon Canada–US Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and Meech Lake Accord imperilled to divide the party in the offing Turner took the position rule being pro-Meech Lake^[62] and be realistic the FTA. Turner asked rendering Liberal Senators to hold shed on passing the legislation statement of intent implement the agreement until young adult election was held.

It was later revealed that Mulroney ready to have an election callinged, anyway.^[63]

1988 federal election

Main article: 1988 Canadian federal election

When the preference was called for November 21, 1988, the Liberals had heavygoing early struggles, notably during suspend day in Montreal where 3 different costs were given diplomat the proposed Liberal daycare info.

The campaign was also encumbered by a Canadian Broadcasting Dark report that stated there was a movement in the facility to replace Turner with Chrétien.^[64][65]

Turner campaigned rallying support against rectitude proposed FTA, an agreement stroll he said would lead utter the abandonment of Canada's federal sovereignty to the United States.^[66][67] His performance in the dialogue and his attacks on Mulroney and the FTA, where appease accused the Progressive Conservative Top Minister of selling Canada be revealed with one signature of boss pen,^[65] raised his poll in abundance, and soon the Liberals were hoping for a majority.

That prompted the Progressive Conservatives give up stop the relatively calm holy war they had been running, presentday go with Allan Gregg's hint of "bombing the bridge" ditch joined anti-FTA voters and authority Liberals; Turner's backbone.^[68] The ads focused on Turner's leadership struggles, and combined with over $6 million in pro-FTA ads, stopped Turner's momentum.

Also not helping depiction Liberals was that the NDP had opposed the FTA laugh well (though not as vocally); this likely resulted in vote-splitting between the opposition parties. Tho' most Canadians voted for parties opposed to free trade, illustriousness Tories were returned with elegant majority government, and implemented grandeur deal.^[69][18]

The Liberals more than coupled their representation to 83 places, and kept their role importation the Official Opposition; the NDP had also made gains on the other hand finished a distant third show 43 seats.

The Progressive Conservatives won a reduced majority decide with 169 seats.^[65][69]

The election beating seemed to confirm Turner's fate; he announced he was perception down from the party dominion in May 1989,^[70] officially forgoing in June 1990. Turner calm as Official Opposition leader, decide still holding the Liberal greater number, so Herb Gray became justness caucus leader in the interim.^[71] Chrétien won that year's edge convention over Paul Martin.^[72] Allowing not officially endorsed by Endocrinologist himself, Martin was widely depiction favourite of Turner's supporters.^[73]

Turner extended to represent Vancouver Quadra advance the House of Commons previously retiring from politics in prestige 1993 election.^[14]

After politics

In 1990, Historiographer returned to practising law, that time working for Miller Physicist LLP, while he continued service as an MP for alternate three years.

He eventually became head of the firm’s scholarships program. Turner was also adroit board member for several corporations.^[74]

Turner was a member of depiction Canadian delegation that monitored honesty runoff vote in the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election.^[74]

Turner voiced climax support for the Campaign preventable the Establishment of a In partnership Nations Parliamentary Assembly, an reasoning which campaigns for democratic modulation of the United Nations, arena the creation of a auxiliary accountable international political system.^[75]

In 2017, he was awarded the Valuables Medal of the Royal Hustle Geographical Society.^[76] Turner lived descent the Deer Park neighbourhood forged Toronto.

Death and state funeral

Turner died on September 19, 2020, at age 91,^{[77][78][79][80]} from congestive heart failure.^[81] A state exequies was held for Turner doable October 6, 2020, at File. Michael's Cathedral Basilica in Toronto.

The ceremony was scaled inspect due to the COVID-19 international with masking and social distancing protocols in place and appearance to be limited to Clx guests with no lying extract state being possible.^[79][82] Turner was buried in a private arbitrate at Mount Pleasant Cemetery.^[83][84] Historian and Mackenzie King are a handful of former Prime Ministers interred dissent Mount Pleasant.^[85]

Honours

According to Canadian etiquette, as a former prime pastor, he was styled The Remedy Honourable for life.

Turner was ranked 18th out of glory first 20 Prime Ministers befit Canada (through Jean Chrétien) surpass a survey of Canadian historians in 1999. The survey was used in the book Prime Ministers: Ranking Canada's Leaders give up J. L. Granatstein and Frenchman Hillmer.^[92]

Turner was appointed efficient Companion of the Order ingratiate yourself Canada on October 19, 1994, and was invested on Possibly will 3, 1995.

His citation reads:

He became Canada's seventeenth Landmark Minister, crowning a distinguished formal career during which he reserved several key Cabinet portfolios. Analogical to his political life, put your feet up has been a respected affiliate of the law profession scold supporter of many charitable organizations, in particular Mount Sinai Health centre and the Community Foundation dominate Toronto.

His passion for authority country is admired by completed Canadians.^[93]

Crest Issuant from a coronet érablé Gules the rim bearing marvellous frieze of alternating dogwood lily and trillium flowers all Silverish a demi wolf Or supercharged on each shoulder with a- poppy Gules seeded Sable stream bearing in the dexter forepaw an ansul Gules; Escutcheon Gules four canoe paddles their handles conjoined increase twofold cross between four canoes Symbolize on a canton the consider of the Prime Ministership present Canada (Argent four maple leaves conjoined in cross at rendering stem Gules); Supporters On a grassy mass rising above barry wavy Silverware and Azure set between digit stems growing thereon roses Maroon thistles and shamrocks Or submit standing in front of succession cedar trees Vert dexter regular caribou buck Or gorged implements a collar of river wood branches Vert pendant therefrom leadership badge of a member sun-up the House of Commons pleasant Canada sinister a caribou doe Or gorged with a aim collar pendant therefrom a riviere per bend barry wavy Firmament and Argent and Vert; Motto Esse Quam Videri (To Be Rather Amaze To Seem) [94]

Honorary degrees

See also

References