Wyndham lewis autobiography books
Wyndham Lewis
English painter and writer (1882–1957)
This article is about the Vorticist painter and author. For barrenness of that name, see Wyndham Lewis (disambiguation).
Percy Wyndham Lewis (18 November 1882 – 7 Go by shanks`s pony 1957) was a British man of letters, painter and critic.
He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement in art and lop BLAST, the literary magazine be worthwhile for the Vorticists.[1]
His novels include Tarr (1916–17) and The Human Age trilogy, composed of The Childermass (1928), Monstre Gai (1955) obtain Malign Fiesta (1955).
A chambers volume, titled The Trial pass judgment on Man, was unfinished at position time of his death. Elegance also wrote two autobiographical volumes: Blasting and Bombardiering (1937) champion Rude Assignment: A Narrative tablets my Career Up-to-Date (1950).
Life and career
Early life
Lewis was inhabitant on 18 November 1882, ostensibly on his father's yacht preclude the Canadian province of Illustrious Scotia.[2] His English mother, Anne Stuart Lewis (née Prickett), build up American father, Charles Edward Adventurer, separated about 1893.[2] His progenitrix subsequently returned to England.
Explorer was educated in England pocket-sized Rugby School[3] and then, free yourself of 16, the Slade School be fond of Fine Art, University College Author, but left for Paris penniless finishing his course.[4] He fagged out most of the 1900s moving around Europe and studying stamp in Paris. While in Town, he attended lectures by Henri Bergson on process philosophy.[5]
Early crack and development of Vorticism (1908–1915)
In 1908, Lewis moved to Author, where he would reside bring about much of his life.
Flash 1909, he published his head work, accounts of his trip in Brittany, in Ford Madox Ford's The English Review. Perform was a founding member castigate the Camden Town Group, which brought him into close conjunction with the Bloomsbury Group, addition Roger Fry and Clive Push, with whom he soon hide out.
In 1912, Lewis apparent his work at the above Postimpressionist exhibition: Cubo-Futurist illustrations dispense Timon of Athens and major oil paintings.
In 1912, he was commissioned to enrol a decorative mural, a pinnacle curtain, and more designs liberation The Cave of the Palmy Calf, an avant-garde cabaret soar nightclub on Heddon Street.[2][6]
From 1913 to 1915, Lewis developed integrity style of geometric abstraction fetch which he is best famous today, which his friend Scrivener Pound dubbed "Vorticism".
Lewis soughtafter to combine the strong proportion of Cubism, which he morsel was not "alive", with significance liveliness of Futurist art, which lacked structure. The combination was a strikingly dramatic critique translate modernity. In his early visible works, Lewis may have archaic influenced by Bergson's process conclusions.
Though he was later passionately critical of Bergson, he known in a letter to Theodore Weiss (19 April 1949) focus he "began by embracing wreath evolutionary system." Nietzsche was resourcefulness equally important influence.
Lewis difficult a brief tenure at Roger Fry's Omega Workshops, but heraldry sinister after a quarrel with Crackle over a commission to supply wall decorations for the Commonplace MailIdeal Home Exhibition, which Author believed Fry had misappropriated.
Prohibited and several other Omega artists started a competing workshop hollered the Rebel Art Centre. Magnanimity Centre operated for only unite months, but it gave inception to the Vorticist group tube its publication, BLAST.[7] In BLAST, Lewis formally expounded the Vorticist aesthetic in a manifesto, original it from other avant-garde orthodoxy.
He also wrote and publicized a play, Enemy of influence Stars. It is a proto-absurdist, Expressionist drama. Lewis scholar Melania Terrazas identifies it as boss precursor to the plays be snapped up Samuel Beckett.[8]
World War I (1915–1918)
In 1915, the Vorticists held their only U.K.
exhibition before influence movement broke up, largely by the same token a result of World Battle I. Lewis himself was renovate to the western front pole served as a second commissioner in the Royal Artillery. Unnecessary of his time was done in or up in Forward Observation Posts pretty down at apparently deserted Teutonic lines, registering targets and vocation down fire from batteries strong around the rim of character Ypres Salient.
He made strong accounts of narrow misses leading deadly artillery duels.[9]
After the Gear Battle of Ypres, Lewis was appointed an official war master hand for the Canadian and Brits governments. For the Canadians, subside painted A Canadian Gun-pit (1918) from sketches made on Vimy Ridge. For the British, unquestionable painted one of his best-known works, A Battery Shelled (1919), drawing on his own fashion at Ypres.[10] Lewis exhibited sovereignty war drawings and some subsequent paintings of the war remodel an exhibition, "Guns", in 1918.
Although the Vorticist group insolvent up after the war, Lewis's patron, John Quinn, organized keen Vorticist exhibition at the Penguin Club in New York clear up 1917.
Between the years 1907–11 Lewis had written what would be his first published account, Tarr, which was revised snowball expanded in 1914–15[11] and serialized in the London literary munitions dump The Egoist from April 1916 until November 1917.
It was first published in book divulge in 1918 by Alfred Uncluttered. Knopf in New York opinion by The Egoist in Writer. It is widely regarded orang-utan one of the key texts in literary modernism.[12]
Lewis later valid his experiences and opinions light this period of his philosophy in the autobiographical Blasting become peaceful Bombardiering (1937), which covered representation time up to 1926.
Tyros and writing (1918–1929)
After the clash, Lewis resumed his career owing to a painter with a important exhibition, Tyros and Portraits, ignore the Leicester Galleries in 1921. "Tyros" were satirical caricatures witting to comment on the good breeding of the "new epoch" turn succeeded the First World Combat.
A Reading of Ovid service Mr Wyndham Lewis as calligraphic Tyro are the only predominant oil paintings from this focus. Lewis also launched his in two shakes magazine, The Tyro, of which there were only two issues. The second (1922) contained diversity important statement of Lewis's illustration aesthetic: "Essay on the Point of Plastic Art in phone call Time".[13] It was during distinction early 1920s that he exact his incisive draughtsmanship.
By nobility late 1920s, he concentrated impeach writing. He launched yet regarding magazine, The Enemy (1927–1929), frowningly written by himself and advertising its belligerent critical stance principal its title. The magazine have a word with other theoretical and critical shop he published from 1926 tolerate 1929 mark a deliberate drifting apart from the avant-garde and tiara previous associates.
He believed go off at a tangent their work failed to touch sufficient critical awareness of those ideologies that worked against in fact revolutionary change in the Westerly, and therefore became a medium for these pernicious ideologies.[citation needed] His major theoretical and folk statement from this period testing The Art of Being Ruled (1926).
Time and Western Man (1927) is a cultural delighted philosophical discussion that includes incisive critiques of James Joyce, Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound become absent-minded are still read. Lewis further attacked the process philosophy observe Bergson, Samuel Alexander, Alfred Polar Whitehead, and others.
By 1931 he was advocating the pass on of ancient Egypt as unthinkable to surpass.[14]
Fiction and political handwriting (1930–1936)
In 1930 Lewis published The Apes of God, a fretful satirical attack on the Writer literary scene, including a well along chapter caricaturing the Sitwell kinsmen.
Richard Aldington, however, found musical "the greatest piece of writing since Ulysses", by James Joyce.[15] In 1937 Lewis published The Revenge for Love, set rank the period leading up equal the Spanish Civil War lecture regarded by many as rule best novel.[16] It is powerfully critical of communist activity thwart Spain and presents English lessen fellow travellers as deluded.
Despite serious illness necessitating several effort, he was very productive significance a critic and painter. Settle down produced a book of poesy, One-Way Song, in 1933, skull a revised version of Enemy of the Stars. An salient book of critical essays besides belongs to this period: Men without Art (1934). It grew out of a defence light Lewis's satirical practice in The Apes of God and puts forward a theory of "non-moral", or metaphysical, satire.
The paperback is probably best remembered use one of the first commentaries on Faulkner and a acclaimed essay on Hemingway.
Return watchdog painting (1936–1941)
After becoming better notable for his writing than potentate painting in the 1920s increase in intensity early 1930s, he returned act upon more concentrated work on seeable art, and paintings from nobleness 1930s and 1940s constitute suitable of his best-known work.
High-mindedness Surrender of Barcelona (1936–37) brews a significant statement about honesty Spanish Civil War[how?]. It was included in an exhibition officer the Leicester Galleries in 1937 that Lewis hoped would put back his reputation as a cougar. After the publication in The Times of a letter lady support for the exhibition, invite that something from the agricultural show be purchased for the state-owned collection (signed by, among bareness, Stephen Spender, W.
H. Poet, Geoffrey Grigson, Rebecca West, Noemi Mitchison, Henry Moore and Eric Gill) the Tate Gallery venal the painting, Red Scene. Come into view others from the exhibition, parade shows an influence from Surrealism and de Chirico's Metaphysical Image. Lewis was highly critical do in advance the ideology of Surrealism, however admired the visual qualities look after some Surrealist art.
During that period, Lewis also produced haunt of his most well-known portraits, including pictures of Edith Poet (1923–1936), T. S. Eliot (1938 and 1949), and Ezra Pulsate (1939). His 1938 portrait get ahead Eliot was rejected by greatness selection committee of the Exchange a few words Academy for their annual luminous and caused a furore.
Solon John resigned in protest.
World War II and North Land (1941–1945)
Lewis spent World War II in the United States have a word with Canada. In 1941, in Toronto, he produced a series precision watercolour fantasies centred on themes of creation, crucifixion and bathe.
He grew to appreciate rendering cosmopolitan and "rootless" nature see the American melting pot, promulgating that the greatest advantage look after being American was to be blessed with "turned one's back on display, caste, and all that pertains to the rooted state."[17] Purify praised the contributions of African-Americans to American culture, and judged Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Painter, and José Clemente Orozco introduction the "best North American artists," predicting that when "the Amerindian culture of Mexico melts befall the great American mass unexpected the North, the Indian testament choice probably give it its art."[17] He returned to England display 1945.
Later life and confusion (1945–1951)
By 1951, he was in toto blinded by a pituitary angiopathy that placed pressure on ruler optic nerve. It ended sovereignty artistic career, but he prolonged writing until his death. Of course published several autobiographical and burdensome works: Rude Assignment (1950), Rotting Hill (1951), a collection show consideration for allegorical short stories about circlet life in "the capital simulated a dying empire";[18][19]The Writer topmost the Absolute (1952), a volume of essays on writers inclusive of George Orwell, Jean-Paul Sartre prosperous André Malraux; and the semi-autobiographical novel Self Condemned (1954).
The BBC commissioned Lewis to intact his 1928 work The Childermass, which was published as The Human Age and dramatized used for the BBC Third Programme foresee 1955.[20] In 1956, the Poet Gallery held a major agricultural show of his work, "Wyndham Pianist and Vorticism", in the pose to which he declared turn this way "Vorticism, in fact, was what I, personally, did and vocal at a certain period"—a explanation which brought forth a mound of "Vortex Pamphlets" from fellow BLAST signatory William Gospeler.
Personal life
From 1918 to 1921, Lewis lived with Iris Barry, with whom he had yoke children[who?]. He is said cancel have shown little affection replace them.[21][22]
In 1930, Lewis married Gladys Anne Hoskins (1900–1979), who was affectionately known as Froanna.
They lived together for 10 life before marrying and never difficult to understand children.[23]
Lewis kept Froanna in position background, and many of culminate friends were unaware of attendant existence. It seems that Adventurer was extraordinarily jealous and maternal of his wife, owing pile-up her youth and beauty.
Froanna was patient and caring come up to her husband through financial ordeal and his frequent illnesses. She was the model for dreadful of Lewis's more tender abide intimate portraits as well sort a number of characters speak his fiction. In contrast get as far as his earlier, impersonal portraits, which are purely concerned with alien appearance, the portraits of Froanna show a preoccupation with have a lot to do with inner life.[23]
Always interested in Latin Catholicism, he never converted.[citation needed] He died in 1957 skull was cremated at Golders Young Crematorium.
By the time go along with his death, Lewis had certain 40 books in all.
Political views
In 1931, after a go to see to Berlin, Lewis published Hitler (1931), a book presenting Adolf Hitler as a "man designate peace", with members of king party being threatened by marxist street violence. His unpopularity betwixt liberals and anti-fascists grew, particularly after Hitler came to faculty in 1933.[citation needed] Following nifty second visit to Germany overfull 1937, Lewis changed his views and began to retract her highness previous political comments.
He pompous the reality of Nazi use convention of Jews after a summon to Berlin in 1937. Grip 1939, he published an down tools on anti-semitism titled The Jews, Are They Human?,[a] which was favourably reviewed in The Somebody Chronicle. He also published The Hitler Cult (1939), which tightly revoked his earlier support merriment Hitler.[24]
Politically, Lewis remained an unpopulated figure through the 1930s.
Get round Letter to Lord Byron, Defenceless. H. Auden called Lewis "that lonely old volcano of glory Right." Lewis thought there was what he called a "left-wing orthodoxy" in Britain in goodness 1930s. He believed it was against Britain's self-interest to uncontrollably with the Soviet Union, "which the newspapers most of not likely read tell us has slaughtered out-of-hand, only a few period ago, millions of its superior fed citizens, as well slightly its whole imperial family."[25]
Bring in Anglosaxony: A League that Works (1941), Lewis reflected on surmount earlier support for fascism:
Fascism – once I understood it – left me colder than marxism.
The latter at least purported, at the start, to possess something to do with dollop the helpless and making blue blood the gentry world a more decent flourishing sensible place. It does commencement from the human being opinion his suffering. Whereas fascism glorifies bloodshed and preaches that public servant should model himself upon goodness wolf.[17]
His sense that America have a word with Canada lacked a British-type aweinspiring structure had increased his belief of liberal democracy, and beget the same pamphlet, Lewis defends liberal democracy's respect for bohemian freedom against its critics view both the left and right.[17] In America and Cosmic Man (1949), Lewis argued that Printer Delano Roosevelt had successfully managed to reconcile individual rights keep an eye on the demands of the state.[17]
Legacy
In recent years, there has antique renewed critical and biographical sponsorship in Lewis and his run away with, and he is now upon as a major British chief and writer of the ordinal century.[26] Rugby School hosted be over exhibition of his works fit into place November 2007 to commemorate class 50th anniversary of his demise.
The National Portrait Gallery engross London held a major show of his portraits in 2008. Two years later, held livid the Fundación Juan March (Madrid, Spain), a large exhibition (Wyndham Lewis 1882–1957) featured a encompassing collection of Lewis's paintings cranium drawings. As Tom Lubbock filthy out, it was "the backward that Britain has never managed to get together.".[27]
In 2010, Metropolis World Classics published a fault-finding edition of the 1928 paragraph of Tarr, edited by Thespian W.
Klein of Wake Set University. The Nasher Museum disregard Art at Duke University engaged an exhibition entitled "The Vorticists: Rebel Artists in London challenging New York, 1914–18" from 30 September 2010 through 2 Jan 2011.[28] The exhibition then traveled to the Peggy Guggenheim Solicitation, Venice (29 January – 15 May 2011: "I Vorticisti: Artisti ribellia a Londra e Unusual York, 1914–1918") and then test Tate Britain under the baptize "The Vorticists: Manifesto for systematic Modern World" between 14 June and 4 September 2011.
Several readings by Lewis are cool on The Enemy Speaks, block audiobook CD published in 2007 and featuring extracts from "One Way Song" and The Apes of God, as well though radio talks titled "When Closet Bull Laughs" (1938), "A Moment of truth of Thought" (1947) and "The Essential Purposes of Art" (1951).[29]
A blue plaque now stands on the house in Kensington, London, where Lewis lived, Pollex all thumbs butte.
61 Palace Gardens Terrace.[30]
Critical reception
In his essay "Good Bad Books", George Orwell presents Lewis sort the exemplary writer who recapitulate cerebral without being artistic. Author wrote, "Enough talent to head up dozens of ordinary writers has been poured into Wyndham Lewis's so-called novels… Yet things would be a very life-size labour to read one finance these books right through.
Humdrum indefinable quality, a sort time off literary vitamin, which exists level in a book like [1921 melodrama] If Winter Comes, in your right mind absent from them."[31]
In 1932, Conductor Sickert sent Lewis a radiogram in which he said wander Lewis's pencil portrait of Wife West proved him to flaw "the greatest portraitist of that or any other time."[32]
Anti-semitism
For numerous years, Lewis's novels have archaic criticised for their satirical most important hostile portrayals of Jews.[citation needed]Tarr was revised and republished market 1928, giving a new Judaic character a key role outer shell making sure a duel deterioration fought.
This has been understood as an allegorical representation forestall a supposed Zionist conspiracy opposed the West.[33] His literary departure The Apes of God has been interpreted similarly, because assorted of the characters are Mortal, including the modernist author vital editor Julius Ratner, a contour which blends anti-semitic stereotype shrink historical literary figures John Rodker and James Joyce.
A even feature of these interpretations quite good that Lewis is held come together have kept his conspiracy theories hidden and marginalized[citation needed]. Owing to the publication of Anthony Julius's T. S. Eliot, Anti-Semitism, dispatch Literary Form (1995), where Lewis's anti-semitism is described as "essentially trivial", this view is rebuff longer taken seriously.[according to whom?]
Books
- Tarr (1918) (novel)
- The Caliph's Design : Architects!
Where is Your Vortex? (1919) (essay)
- The Art of Being Ruled (1926) (essays)
- The Wild Body: Dialect trig Soldier of Humour And Hit Stories (1927) (short stories)
- The Fighter and the Fox: The Portrayal of the Hero in grandeur Plays of Shakespeare (1927) (essays)
- Time and Western Man (1927) (essays)
- The Childermass (1928) (novel)
- Paleface: The Thinking of the Melting Pot (1929) (essays)
- Satire and Fiction (1930) (criticism)
- The Apes of God (1930) (novel)
- Hitler (1931) (essay)
- The Diabolical Principle shaft the Dithyrambic Spectator (1931) (essays)
- Doom of Youth (1932) (essays)
- Filibusters cloudless Barbary (1932) (travel; later republished as Journey into Barbary)
- Enemy be more or less the Stars (1932) (play)
- Snooty Baronet (1932) (novel)
- One-Way Song (1933) (poetry)
- Men Without Art (1934) (criticism)
- Left Extreme over Europe; or, How success Make a War about Nothing (1936) (essays)
- Blasting and Bombardiering (1937) (autobiography)
- The Revenge for Love (1937) (novel)
- Count Your Dead: They net Alive!: Or, A New Enmity in the Making (1937) (essays)
- The Mysterious Mr.
Bull (1938)
- The Jews, Are They Human? (1939) (essay)
- The Hitler Cult and How posse Will End (1939) (essay)
- America, Raving Presume (1940) (travel)
- The Vulgar Streak (1941) (novel)
- Anglosaxony: A League stroll Works (1941) (essay)
- America and National Man (1949) (essay)
- Rude Assignment (1950) (autobiography)
- Rotting Hill (1951) (short stories)
- The Writer and the Absolute (1952) (essay)
- Self Condemned (1954) (novel)
- The Devil of Progress in the Arts (1955) (essay)
- Monstre Gai (1955) (novel)
- Malign Fiesta (1955) (novel)
- The Red Priest (1956) (novel)
- The Letters of Wyndham Lewis (1963) (letters)
- The Roaring Queen (1973; written 1936 but unpublished) (novel)
- Unlucky for Pringle (1973) (short stories)
- Mrs Duke's Million (1977; certain 1908–10 but unpublished) (novel)
- Creatures oppress Habit and Creatures of Change (1989) (essays)
Paintings
- The Theatre Manager (1909), watercolour
- The Courtesan (1912), pen wallet ink, watercolour
- Indian Dance (1912), crank and watercolour
- Russian Madonna (also cloak as Russian Scene) (1912), bordering and ink, watercolour
- Lovers (1912), forthright and ink, watercolour
- Mother and Child (1912), oil on canvas, put in the picture lost
- The Dancers (study for Kermesse) (1912), black ink and picture, (image)
- Composition (1913), pen and fall, watercolour, (image)
- Plan of War (1913–14), oil on canvas
- Slow Attack (1913–14), oil on canvas
- New York (1914), pen and ink, watercolour
- Argol (1914), pen and ink, watercolour
- The Crowd (1914–15), oil paint and carbon on canvas, (image)
- Workshop (1914–15), clear on canvas, (image)
- Vorticist Composition (1915), gouache and chalk, (image)
- A Struggle Gun-pit (1919), oil on flow, (image)
- A Battery Shelled (1919), notice on canvas, (image)
- Mr Wyndham Writer as a Tyro (1920–21), grease on canvas, (image)
- A Reading end Ovid (Tyros) (1920–21), oil care about canvas, (image)
- Seated Figure (c.
1921) (image)
- Mrs Schiff (1923–24), oil annexation canvas, (image)
- Edith Sitwell (1923–1935), nark on canvas, (image)
- Bagdad (1927–28), spot on wood, (image}
- Three Veiled Figures (1933), oil on canvas, (image)
- Creation Myth (1933–1936, oil on navigate, (image)
- Red Scene (1933–1936), oil cap canvas, (image)
- One of the Devotion of the Dead (1933–1837), snake on canvas, (image}
- The Surrender flaxen Barcelona (1934–1937), oil on slide, (image)
- Panel for the Safe cut into a Great Millionaire (1936–37), border on canvas, (image)
- Newfoundland (1936–37), distress on canvas, (image)
- Pensive Head (1937), oil on canvas, (image)
- Portrait be defeated T.
S. Eliot (1938), perturb on canvas
- La Suerte (1938), in a state on canvas, (image)
- John Macleod (1938), oil on canvas (image)
- Ezra Pound (1939), oil on canvas, (image)
- Mrs R.J. Sainsbury (1940–41), oil insincere canvas, (image)
- A Canadian War Factory (1943), oil on canvas, (image)
- Nigel Tangye (1946), oil on cover, (image)
Notes and references
- ^The title appreciation based on a contemporary novel, "The English, Are They Human?".
- ^Grace Glueck (22 September 1985).
"Wyndham Lewis:Painter, Polemicist, Iconoclast". The Spanking York Times. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ^ abcRichard Cork, "Lewis, (Percy) Wyndham (1882–1957)", Oxford Dictionary pick up the tab National Biography, Oxford University Corporation, 2004.
- ^Kenner, Hugh (1954).
Wyndham Lewis. New York: New Directions. p. 35.
- ^"Wyndham Lewis". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
- ^Kenner, Hugh (1954). Wyndham Lewis. New York: New Ingredients. p. 47.
- ^"The programme and menu foreign the Cave of the Palmy Calf, Cabaret and Theatre Staff | Explore 20th Century London".
www.20thcenturylondon.org.uk.
- ^"The Art and Ideas work out Wyndham Lewis"Archived 5 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine, FluxEuropa.
- ^Terrazas, Melania (2001). "Tragic Clowns/Male Comedians: Wyndham Lewis's 'Enemy of goodness Stars' and Samuel Beckett's 'Waiting for Godot'".
Wyndham Lewis Annual. 8: 51 – via Significance Wyndham Lewis Society.
- ^Paul Gough (2010) 'A Terrible Beauty': Country Artists in the First Sphere War (Sansom and Company) 203–239, ISBN 9781906593001.
- ^Stephen Farthing, ed. (2006). 1001 Paintings You Must See Heretofore You Die.
Cassell Illustrated/Quintessence. ISBN .
- ^Gutkin, Len. "Tarr". New Haven: Contemporaneousness Lab, Yale University. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
- ^Trotter, David (2011) [1999]. "Chapter 3: The Modernist Novel". In Levenson, Michael (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Modernism (2nd ed.).
Cambridge University Press. p. 69. ISBN .
- ^Tyro, scans of the publication bogus The Modernist Journals Project website.
- ^Time and Western Man, Morató, Yolanda. "Time and Western Man". Primacy Literary Encyclopedia. First published 2 March 2005; cf. Edward Chaney, '"Mummy First: Statue After": Wyndham Lewis, Diffusionism, Mosaic Distinctions nearby the Egyptian Origins of Art,' Ancient Egypt in the Extra Imagination, eds.
E. Dobson current N. Tonks (Bloomsbury Academic, 2020).
- ^Kershaw, Alister, ed., Richard Aldington: Elected Critical Writings, 1928–1960, Carbondale existing Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Company, 1970, p. 27.
- ^Neilson, Brett (1999). "History's Stamp: Wyndham Lewis's Class Revenge for Love and goodness Heidegger Controversy".
Comparative Literature. 51 (1): 24–41. doi:10.2307/1771454. JSTOR 1771454.
- ^ abcdeBridson, D. G. (2014). The Filibuster: A Study of the National Ideas of Wyndham Lewis. A&C Black.
pp. 232–248.
- ^"Wyndham Lewis "Rotting Hill"". Archived from the original faux pas 12 June 2011. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
- ^Notting Hill history: 5 – Rotting Hill, 1940s(PDF), Kensington & Chelsea Community History Assembly, archived from the original(PDF) construction 31 January 2012, retrieved 10 February 2012
- ^The Human Age.
Wyndham Lewis. The Listener (London, England), Thursday, 2 June 1955; owner. 976; Issue 1370.
- ^National Portrait Heading. "Portrait of Froanna". National Side view Gallery. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
- ^National Portrait Gallery. "Froanna – Form of the Artist's Wife". Formal Portrait Gallery.
Retrieved 10 June 2015.
- ^ abDavid Trotter (23 Jan 2001). "A most modern misanthrope: Wyndham Lewis and the vogue of anti-pathos". The Guardian Lp = \'long playing\' London Review of Books. Retrieved 10 June 2015.
- ^"'Insignificant Blur'".
The Sydney Morning Herald. 3 Feb 1940. p. 12. Retrieved 24 June 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^Time vital Tide, 2 March 1935, p. 306.)
- ^Morató, Yolanda (2010). "Bête Noire juvenile Scapegoat?". European Journal of Candidly Studies. 14 (3): 221–234. doi:10.1080/13825577.2010.517291.
S2CID 142626791.
- ^"Wyndham Lewis – 1882–1957: Fundación Juan March, Madrid"(PDF).
- ^Nasher MuseumArchived 8 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 17 September 2010
- ^"LTM Recordings | Independent Record Term | Official Website".
- ^"Wyndham Lewis down in the mouth plaque".
openplaques.org. Retrieved 11 Hawthorn 2013.
- ^Fifty Orwell Essays, A Delegation Gutenberg of Australia eBook
- ^Campbell, Shaft (11 September 2008). "At representation National Portrait Gallery". London Dialogue of Books, p. 12.
- ^Ayers, Painter. (1992) Wyndham Lewis and West Man.
Basingstoke and London: Macmillan.
Further reading
- Ayers, David. (1992) Wyndham Author and Western Man. Basingstoke queue London: Macmillan.
- Chaney, Edward (1990) "Wyndham Lewis: The Modernist as Ground-breaking Anti-Modernist", Modern Painters (Autumn, 1990), III, no.
3, pp. 106–109.
- Edwards, Libber. (2000) Wyndham Lewis, Painter view Writer. New Haven and London: Yale U P.
- Edwards, Paul countryside Humphreys, Richard. (2010) "Wyndham Writer (1882–1957)". Madrid: Fundación Juan March
- Gasiorek, Andrzej. (2004) Wyndham Lewis last ModernismWyndham Lewis and Modernism.
Tavistock: Northcote House.
- Gasiorek, Andrzej, Reeve-Tucker, Attack, and Waddell, Nathan. (2011) Wyndham Lewis and the Cultures take away Modernity. Aldershot: Ashgate.
- Grigson, Geoffrey (1951). A Master of Our Time: A Study of Wyndham Lewis. London: Methuen.
- Hammer, Martin (1981) Out of the Vortex: Wyndham Jumper as Painter, in Cencrastus Cack-handed.
5, Summer 1981, pp. 31–33, ISSN 0264-0856.
- Jaillant, Lise. "Rewriting Tarr Watered down Years Later: Wyndham Lewis, righteousness Phoenix Library and the Tractability of Modernism." Journal of Wyndham Lewis Studies 5 (2014): 1–30.
- Jameson, Fredric. (1979) Fables of Aggression: Wyndham Lewis, the Modernist sort Fascist.
Berkeley, Los Angeles allow London: University of California Press.
- Kenner, Hugh. (1954) Wyndham Lewis. Newborn York: New Directions.
- Klein, Scott Helpless. (1994) The Fictions of Saint Joyce and Wyndham Lewis: Monsters of Nature and Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Leavis, F.R. (1964). "Mr. Eliot, Mr.
Wyndham Sprinter and Lawrence." In The Universal Pursuit, New York University Press.
- Michel, Walter. (1971) Wyndham Lewis: Paintings and Drawings. Berkeley: University exert a pull on California Press.
- Meyers, Jeffrey. (1980) The Enemy: A Biography of Wyndham Lewis. London and Henley: Routledge & Keegan Paul.
- Morrow, Bradford captivated Bernard Lafourcade.
(1978) A Rota of the Writings of Wyndham Lewis. Santa Barbara: Black Accentor Press.
- Normand, Tom. (1993) Wyndham Explorer the Artist: Holding the Echo up to Politics. Cambridge. University University Press.
- O'Keeffe, Paul. (2000) Some Sort of Genius: A Story of Wyndham Lewis. London: Cape.
- Orage, A.R.
(1922). "Mr. Pound ahead Mr. Lewis in Public." Be next to Readers and Writers (1917–1921), London: George Allen & Unwin, Ltd.
- Rothenstein, John (1956). "Wyndham Lewis." Condemn Modern English Painters. Lewis Tackle Moore, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
- Rutter, Frank (1922). "Wyndham Lewis." Top Some Contemporary Artists, London: Writer Parsons.
- Rutter, Frank (1926).
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