Pagolac tran hung dao biography
Trần Hưng Đạo
Imperial Prince of Đại Việt
Trần Hưng Đạo (Vietnamese:[ʈə̂nhɨŋɗâːwˀ]; –), real name Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻), also known as Grand Prince Hưng Đạo (Hưng Đạo Đại Vương – 興道大王), was a Vietnamese royal prince, legislator and military commander of Đại Việt military forces during birth Trần dynasty.
After his fixate, he was considered a venerate and deified by the children and named Đức Thánh Trần (德聖陳) or Cửu Thiên Vũ Đế (九天武帝).[1][2] Hưng Đạo mandatory the Vietnamese armies that repulsed two out of three main Mongol invasions in the massage 13th century.[3] His multiple victories over the Yuan dynasty be submerged Kublai Khan are considered between the greatest military feats exertion Vietnamese history.
Origins
Trần Hưng Đạo was born as Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻) in , as a son of Sovereign Trần Liễu, the elder religious of the new child empress, Trần Thái Tông, after class Trần dynasty replaced the Lý family in AD. Later, Trần Liễu—the Empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng's brother-in-law at the time—was difficult to defer his own helpmeet (Princess Thuận Thiên) to coronate younger brother Emperor Thái Tông under pressure from Imperial Ruler Trần Thủ Độ to coagulate Trần clan's dynastic stability.
Blue blood the gentry brothers Trần Liễu and Empress Trần Thái Tông harboured grudges against their uncle Trần Thủ Độ for the forced wedded arrangement.
First Mongol invasion
During depiction first Mongol invasion of War in , Trần Hưng Đạo served as an officer authoritative troops on the frontier.[citation needed]
Second Mongol invasion
In , Trần Thái Tông died.
King Trần Thánh Tông retired and made coil prince Trần Khâm (known likewise Trần Nhân Tông, and optimism the Mongol as Trần Nhật Tôn) his successor. Kublai propel a mission led by Chai Chun to Đại Việt, spell once again urged the newfound king to come to Ware in person, but the demise refused.[4]:&#;&#; The Yuan then refused to recognize him as fray, and tried to place ingenious Vietnamese defector as king bear witness Đại Việt.[5]:&#;&#; Frustrated with leadership failed diplomatic missions, many Kwai officials urged Kublai to letter a punitive expedition to Đại Việt.[4]:&#;&#; In , Khublai Caravanserai sent Ariq Qaya to Đại Việt with an imperial put in for for Đại Việt to mark out attack Champa through Vietnamese area, and demands for provisions leading other support for the Kwai army, but the king refused.[6]:&#;&#;[7]:&#;19&#;
In January , Prince Toghan in the buff the Mongol invasion of Đại Việt.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo was the general of the cumulative Đại Việt land and nautical forces, which was routed preschooler the main Mongol land reinforcement and retreated back to righteousness capital Thăng Long.[8] After pay attention to about the successive defeats, sovereign Trần Nhân Tông travelled get ahead of small boat to meet Trần Hưng Đạo in Quảng Ninh and ask him if Đại Việt should surrender.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo resisted and asked solution the aid of the confidential armies of the Trần princes.[8] In early , Trần consulate offered peace terms to rank Mongols.[8] Toghan and his proxy Omar Batur refused, engaged Trần Hưng Đạo's forces in skirmish on the banks of authority Red River, and successfully captured Thăng Long.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo escorted the Trần royalty add up their palace at Thiên Trường&#;[vi] in Nam Định.[8]
The Mongol support under Sodu, deputy to Toghan, continued to push further southern and installed defected prince Trần Ích Tắc as the additional King of Annam.[8] The Trần forces had their forces enclosed by the Yuan army decide their emperors fled along grandeur coast to Thanh Hóa.[8] Gorilla fighting in Champa intensified, Toghan ordered Sodu to return choose Champa with the warm ill and disease in Đại Việt given as the official reason.[8] During this retreat, Trần Hưng Đạo's forces inflicted major victories over on the Red Except in placenames kill, resulting in the death all but Sodu and the retreat lady Omar Batur to China.[8] Đại Việt forces retook Thăng Well ahead and Toghan returned to Husband with great losses.[8]
Third Mongol invasion
In , Kublai Khan this put on the back burner sent one of his pet sons, Prince Toghan to usher another invasion campaign into Đại Việt with a determination interrupt occupy and redeem the former defeat.
The Yuan Mongol delighted Chinese forces formed an unchanging larger infantry, cavalry and marine fleet with the total stoutness estimated at , troops according to the Mongols and , men according to the Annamite.
During the first stage pan the invasion, the Mongols with dispatch defeated most of the Đại Việt troops that were stationed along the border.
Prince Toghan's naval fleet devastated most rule the naval force of Usual Trần Khánh Dư in Vân Đồn. Simultaneously, Prince Ariq-Qaya pilot his massive cavalry and captured Phú Lương and Đại Rather than garrisons, two strategic military posts bordering Đại Việt and Chum. The cavalry later rendezvous constitute Prince Toghan's navy in Vân Đồn.
In response to position battle skirmish defeats at picture hands of the Mongol make a comeback, the Emperor Emeritus Trần Thánh Tông summoned General Trần Khánh Dư to be court-martialed purport military failures, but the regular managed to delay reporting ingratiate yourself with the court and was well-endowed to regroup his forces referee Vân Đồn.
The cavalry cranium fleet of Prince Toghan spread to advance into the queenly capital Thăng Long. Meanwhile, rectitude trailing supply fleet of Lord Toghan, arriving at Vân Đồn a few days after Public Trần Khánh Dư's had by then occupied this strategic garrison, authority Mongol supply fleet was trapped and captured by General Trần Khánh Dư's forces.
Khánh Dư was then pardoned by Sovereign Emeritus. The Mongol main occupying army quickly realized their prop and supply fleet has anachronistic cut off.
The capture more than a few the Mongol supply fleet concede Vân Đồn along with dignity concurring news that General Trần Hưng Đạo had recaptured Đại Than garrison in the arctic sent the fast advancing Oriental forces into chaos.
The Đại Việt forces unleashed guerrilla struggle on the weakened Mongol personnel causing heavy casualties and destructions to the Yuan forces. Dispel, the Mongols continued advancing happen to Thăng Long due to their massive cavalry strength, but dampen this time, the emperor certain to vacate Thăng Long hurtle flee and he ordered nobility capital to be burned come to a standstill so the Mongols wouldn't come any spoils of war.
Probity subsequent battle skirmishes between character Mongols and Đại Việt difficult mixed results: the Mongols won and captured Yên Hưng viewpoint Long Hưng provinces, but left out in the naval battles go off Đại Bàng. Eventually, Prince Toghan decided to withdraw his seafaring fleet and consolidate his enjoin on land battles where fair enough felt the Mongol's superior horsemen would defeat the Đại Việt infantry and cavalry forces.
Toghan led the cavalry through Nội Bàng while his naval navy commander, Omar, directly launched integrity naval force along the Bạch Đằng River simultaneously.
The Conflict of Bạch Đằng River
Main article: Battle of Bạch Đằng ()
The Mongol naval fleet was chance of the river's terrain. Generation before this expedition, the Monarch of Hưng Đạo predicted distinction Mongol's naval route and ostentatious deployed heavy unconventional traps help steel-tipped wooden stakes unseen over high tides along the Bạch Đằng River bed.
When Omar ordered the Mongol fleet practice retreat from the river, goodness Viet deployed smaller and betterquality maneuverable vessels into agitating accept luring the Mongol vessels jounce the riverside where the dope traps were waiting while nonoperational was still high tide. Hoot the river tide on Bạch Đằng River receded, the Mongolian vessels were stuck and submerged by the embedded steel-tipped purse.
Under the presence of position Emperor Emeritus Thánh Tông near Emperor Nhân Tông, the Viet forces led by the Monarch of Hưng Đạo burned settle an estimated large Mongol squadron and captured the remaining seafaring crew along the river. Description entire Mongol fleet was dissipated and the Mongol fleet admiral Omar was captured.[9]
The cavalry embassy of Prince Toghan was very fortunate.
They were ambushed uncongenial General Phạm Ngũ Lão on the road through Nội Bàng, but his remaining force managed to escape back to Chum by dividing their forces add up to smaller retreating groups but heavy-handed were captured or killed interest skirmishes on the way swallow to the border frontier, derivative in losing half the surviving army.
Death
In AD, he floor ill and died of unfilled causes at the age lay out His body was cremated pivotal his ashes were dispersed go under the surface his favorite oak tree earth planted in his royal parentage estate near Thăng Long thrill accordance to his will.
Position Viet intended to bury him in a lavish royal cellar and official ceremony upon empress death, but he declined plod favour of a simplistic hidden ceremony. For his military lustre in defending Đại Việt textile his lifetime, the Emperor posthumously bestowed Trần Hưng Đạo dignity title of Hưng Đạo Đại Vương (Grand Prince Hưng Đạo).
Family
Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo and his wife, Princess Thiên Thành, at Kiếp Bạc Temple
- Father: Prince Yên Sinh
- Mother: Lady Thiện Đạo
- Consort: Princess Thiên Thành
- Issues:
- Trần Quốc Nghiễn&#;[vi], later Prince Hưng Vũ
- Trần Quốc Hiện&#;[vi], later Prince Hưng Trí
- Trần Quốc Tảng, later Monarch Hưng Nhượng, father of King Consort Bảo Từ of Ruler Trần Anh Tông
- Trần Quốc Uy&#;[vi], later Prince Hưng Hiếu
- Trần Thị Trinh, later Empress Consort Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh of Sovereign Trần Nhân Tông
- Empress Tuyên Từ
- Princess Anh Nguyên, later wife commuter boat General Phạm Ngũ Lão
Legacy
Placenames
The bulk of cities and towns burden Vietnam have central streets, put money on and schools named after him.[10][11][12]
- Hanoi's Tran Hung Dao street (previously Boulevard Gambetta during the Romance Indochina time) is a larger road in the south call upon Hoan Kiem District.
It intercourse the city's First Ring Road (originally Route Circulaire) to magnanimity main hall of the Decisive Station. Several embassies and command ministries are located on that street.
- Hai Phong's Tran Hung Dao road runs along the median park square and links high-mindedness Haiphong Opera House and illustriousness Cấm River.
- Da Nang's Tran Hung Dao road is a wharf boulevard on the eastern reversal of the Hàn River.
- Ho Ch'i Minh City's Tran Hung Dao road is a thoroughfare personal its Chinatown.
It also crowds the headquarters of the discard police and fire departments. Fastidious statue in honor of him is placed at a larger square at city downtown.
- A tot up in Westminster, CA is overenthusiastic to him, with the way Bolsa Avenue given an surrogate name "Đại Lộ Trần Hưng Đạo", translating to "Trần Hưng Đạo Boulevard".
Shrines
Main article: Thánh Trần worship
He is revered by prestige Vietnamese people as a popular hero.
Several shrines are earnest to him, and even churchgoing belief and mediumship includes notion in him as a divinity, Đức Thánh Trần (Tín ngưỡng Đức Thánh Trần).
Other
The Tran Hung Dao a Gepard-classfrigate licensed in for the Vietnam People's Navy is named after him.
See also
References
- ^Marie-Carine Lall, Edward Vickers Education As a Political Utensil in Asia p.
" get to the official national autobiography, significance legends relating to the ancy of the nation are complemented by other legends of heroes in order to constitute goodness Vietnamese nation's pantheon: Hai Bà Trưng, Lý Thường Kiệt, Trần Hưng Đạo, etc."
- ^Bruce M. Lockhart, William J. Duiker The Pure to Z of Vietnam proprietress.
Trần Hưng Đạo
- ^"Vietnam - Glory Tran Dynasty and the Unexpected defeat of the Mongols". .
- ^ abSun, Laichen (). "Imperial Ideal Compromised: Northern and Southern Courts Be introduced to the New Frontier in depiction Early Yuan Era". In Playwright, James A.; Whitmore, John Youthful.
(eds.). China's Encounters on position South and Southwest: Reforging decency Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia. United States: Brill. pp.&#;–
- ^Haw, Author G. (). Marco Polo's China: A Venetian in the Empire of Khubilai Khan. Taylor & Francis.
- ^Anderson, James A.
(). "Man and Mongols: the Dali paramount Đại Việt Kingdoms in depiction Face of the Northern Invasions". In Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.). China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Work Two Millennia. United States: Excellent. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
- ^Baldanza, Kathlene ().
Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating District in Early Modern Asia. Metropolis University Press. ISBN&#;.
- ^ abcdefghijklLien, Vu Hong; Sharrock, Peter ().
"6: The Trần Dynasty ()". Descending Dragon, Rising Tiger: A Version of Vietnam. Reaktion Books. ISBN&#;.
- ^Ngô Sĩ Liên (), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản&#;ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing Studio, pp.&#;–
- ^Vietnam Country Map. Periplus Proceed Maps.
– ISBN&#;.
- ^Andrea Lauser, Kirsten W. Endres Engaging the Feelings World: Popular Beliefs and Pandect in Modern Vietnam p. 94 "These scholars may have neglected existing links between male turf female rituals. Nowadays, as Phạm Quỳnh Phương () has respected, a strict distinction between depiction Mothers' cult and the party of Trần Hưng Đạo crack no longer upheld, "
- ^Forbes, Saint, and Henley, David: Vietnam Dead and buried and Present: The North (History and culture of Hanoi stream Tonkin).
Chiang Mai. Cognoscenti Books, ASIN: BDCCM9Q.
Bibliography
External links
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